Layered Biosensor Construction

In enzymatic devices, efforts have been concentrated on the control over enzyme activity, which is highly dependent on the interface between the electrode and the enzyme. Such con‐ trol has led to immobilization techniques suitable for anchoring the enzyme close to elec‐ trode with preservation of its biological activity. In these type of devices, where retaining of the enzyme activity at the electrode/enzyme interface is the key to design efficient electrode, charge transfer between enzyme and electrode should be fast and reversible. Moreover, the charge transfer may also be optimized with some mediating particles (i.e. conducting units) being used in conjunction with the biological molecules at the electrode surface. To the use of conducting polymers for the fabrication of various biosensors have been dedicated exten‐ sively study due to their redox, optical, mechanical and electrical properties, as well as to their unique capability to act both, as transducers, and an immobilization matrices for en‐ zyme retention [1].